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Area of Specialization

Cardiovascular and Sleep Physiology

Background

Ian Greenlund, Assistant Professor of Health Sciences, earned his Ph.D. in Physiology with a concentration in Physiological Neuroscience from Montana State University and recently completed a postdoctoral fellowship in sleep, cardiovascular and renal physiology at the Mayo Clinic.  Professor Greenlund’s research focuses on the intersection of sleep and cardiovascular risk, exploring how sleep loss, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysregulation contribute to hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and cardiometabolic disease.  His teaching assignments will include anatomy, physiology, and sleep physiology.

Education & Experience

• Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,  Sleep, Cardiovascular and Renal Phys Mayo Clinic, 2026
• Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 2024-2026
• Senior Research Fellow, Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 2024-2026
• Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychology, Psychology - Physiological Neuroscience Montana State University, 2022
• Master of Science Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Michigan Technological University, 2018
• Bachelor of Science Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Michigan Technological University, 2016

Courses Taught

• Physiology of Sleep (HHP 420)
• Human Anatomy Laboratory (HHP 210L/KINE 315)
• Exercise Physiology Laboratory (HHP 320L/KINE 442L)

Select Peer-Reviewed Publications

• Greenlund IM, Bock JM, Prakash SS, Kantas D, Covassin N, Singh P, and Somers VK. Body Composition Differences in Somali and White Adults. (In Review)
• Xie K, Greenlund IM, Somu Iyyappan B, and Somers VK. Secular trends and predictors of intense cannabis use from 2002-2019 in the U.S. (In Revision)
• Greenlund IM, Forgione MA, Perryman JR, Gergen D, Martinez-Ferrate R, Bock JM, Covassin N, Bukartyk J, Roberts A, and Somers VK. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Former National Football League Players: Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. (In Review)
• Xie K, Greenlund IM, Covassin N, Bock JM, Karim S, Somu Iyyappan B, and Somers VK. Sleep
  characteristics and sleep quality in cannabis users. (In Review)
• Greenlund IM, Covassin N, Bukartyk J, St. Louis EK, Calvin AD, and Somers VK. Hemodynamic
  Responses to Spontaneous Arousals Following Experimental Sleep Restriction. (In Review)
• Maraqah H, Greenlund IM, Li J, and Somers VK. From Relief to Risk: The Complex Cardiac Profile of Cannabis. (In Prep)
• Thivierge GS, Greenlund IM, Bigalke JA, Carter JR, and Durocher JJ. Acute and Morning-After
  Cardiovascular and Aortic Wave Reflection Responses to Nighttime Binge Alcohol Consumption.
  American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 329(3), H629-H635.
• Greenlund IM, Barnes JN, Baker SE, Somers VK, and Bock JM. (2025) Sex Differences in
  Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Sleep Apnea. Npj – Women’s
  Health 3(27): 1-7.
• Greenlund IM, Bock JM, Govindan N, Kantas D, Singh P, Covassin N, and Somers VK. (2025)
  Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Orthostasis in Somali Americans. Journal of Racial
  and Ethnic Health Disparities 1-6.
• Greenlund IM, Kantas D, Prakash SS, Bock JM, Covassin N, and Somers VK. (2024) Nocturnal
  Hemodynamics in Somali Americans: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. American Journal of
  Nephrology 55(6): 629-637.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Solis-Montenegro X, Durocher JJ, Joyner MJ, and Carter JR. (2024)
  Binge Alcohol Consumption Elevates Sympathetic Transduction to Blood Pressure. Hypertension
  81(10): 2140-2151.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Bigalke JR, and Carter JR. (2024) Actigraphy-Based Sleep and
  Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory,
  Integrative, and Comparative Physiology 327(2): R145-151.
• Bock JM, Greenlund IM, Somers VK, and Baker SE. (2023) Evidence for Sex Differences in the
  Neurovascular Control of Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. International Journal of
  Molecular Sciences 24(17): 13094.
• Greenlund IM, Covassin N, and Somers VK. (2023) Hitting the Snooze Button on Chronic
  Kidney Disease. American Journal of Nephrology 54(7-8), 245-248.
• Bigalke JA, Durocher JJ, Greenlund IM, Keller-Ross ML, and Carter JR. (2023) Blood Pressure
  and Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity are Associated with Trait Anxiety in Humans. American
  Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 324(4): H494-H503.
• Pabon E, Greenlund IM, Carter JR, and de Wit H. (2022) Effects of alcohol on sleep:
  Relationships to intoxication and hangover. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  46(10): 1875-1887.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Nicevski JR, Tikkanen AL, and Carter JR. (2022) Sympathetic Neural
  Reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test. Journal of Physiology 600(16): 3705-3724.
• Kerkering EM, Greenlund IM, Bigalke JA, Migliaccio GCL, Smoot CA, and Carter JR. (2022)
  Reliability of Heart Rate Variability During Stable and Disrupted Polysomnographic Sleep.
  American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 323(1): H16-23.
• Greenlund IM and Carter JR. (2022) Sympathetic neural responses to sleep disorders and
  insufficiencies. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 322(3): H337-
  H349.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Nicevski JR, and Carter JR. (2021) Blunted Heart Rate Recovery to
  Spontaneous Nocturnal Arousals in Short Sleeping Adults. American Journal of Physiology:
  Heart and Circulatory Physiology 321(2): H558-566.
• Greenlund IM, Bigalke JA, Tikkanen AT, Smoot CA, Durocher JJ, and Carter JR. (2021)
  Evening Binge Alcohol Disrupts Cardiovagal Tone and Baroreflex Function During
  Polysomnographic Sleep Stages. SLEEP 44(11) 1-9.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Nicevski JR, and Carter JR. (2021) Effect of Evening Blue Light
  Blocking Glasses on Subjective and Objective Sleep in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Control
  Trial. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation 7(4) 485-490.
• Greenlund IM, Smoot CA, and Carter JR. (2021) Sex Differences in Blood Pressure
  Responsiveness to Spontaneous K-Complexes during Stage II Sleep. Journal of Applied
  Physiology. 130(2) 491-497.
• Greenlund IM, Cunningham HA, Tikkanen AL, Bigalke JA, Smoot CA, Durocher JJ, and Carter
  JR. (2021) Morning Sympathetic Nerve Activity After a Night of Binge Alcohol Consumption.
  American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 320(1):H305-H315.
• Greenlund IM, Bigalke JA, and Carter JR. (2020) Commentary on Point:Counterpoint:
  Investigators should/should not control for menstrual cycle phase when performing studies of
  vascular control that include women. Journal of Applied Physiology. 129:1122-1135.
• Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, and Carter JR. (2020) Sex Differences in Self-Report Anxiety and
  Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders. Biology of Sex Differences 11(56).
• Carter JR, Gervais BM, Adomeit JL, and Greenlund IM. (2020) Subjective and Objective Sleep
  Differ in Male and Female Collegiate Athletes. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep
  Foundation. S2352-7218(20)
• Greenlund IM, Suriano PE, Elmer SJ, Carter JR, and Durocher JJ. (2019) Chronic Standing
  Desk Use and Arterial Stiffness. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 16(11).
• Carter JR, Fonkoue IT, Greenlund IM, Schwartz CE, Mokhlesi B, and Smoot CA. (2019)
  Sympathetic Neural Responses to Total Sleep Deprivation in Older Adults: Sex Differences.
  American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 317(2).
• Mitchell CL, Latuszek CE, Vogel KR, Greenlund IM, Hobmeier RE, Ingram OK, et al. (2017) α-
  amanitin resistance in Drosophila melanogaster: A genome-wide association approach. PLoS
  ONE 12(2)